燃料电池氢喷射器控制技术研究

为满足燃料电池功率需求,实现氢气侧压力平滑控制,提出了一种氢喷射器控制方案。通过周期性控制喷嘴数和peak-hold时间占空比,并采用了调节量屏蔽方法,以提高压力输出调节能力。建立实验系统,写入软件进行控制实验,表明了该方法的可行性。     

Costs of air pollutants from shipping: a meta-regression analysis

ABSTRACT

This study estimated the external cost of air pollution from shipping by means of a meta-regression analysis, which has not been made before. Three pollutants, which were included in most of the primary studies, were considered: nitrogen oxides (NO_x), sulphur dioxides (SO₂) and particulate matters with a diameter of max 2.5 micrometres (PM_2.5). All primary studies included damages of health and a majority added impacts on agriculture and estimated the cost of air pollutants by transferring cost estimates from studies on costs of air emissions from transports in Europe. Different regression models and estimators were used and robust results were found of statistically significant emission elasticities of below one, i.e. total external costs increase by less than 1% when emissions increase by 1%. There was a small variation between the pollutants, with the highest elasticity for PM_2.5 and lowest for NO_x. Calculations of the marginal external cost of the pollutants showed the same pattern, with this cost being approximately six times higher for PM_2.5 than for the other pollutants. Common to all pollutants was that the marginal external cost decreases when emission increases. Another robust result was a significant increase in the cost of studies published in journals compared with other publication outlets. These findings point out some caution when transferring constant external unit cost of air pollutant from shipping, which is much applied in the literature, and the cost functions estimated in this study could thus provide a complementary transfer mechanism.     

Online channel strategies under different offline channel power structures for the Belt and Road of China

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the online channel strategies adopted by Chinese manufacturers with regard to the Belt and Road. It also investigates the effect of offline channel power structures and maritime transportation costs on online channel mode selection and pricing strategies. The offline channel power structures are classified into three types, namely, Chinese manufacturer Stackelberg (MS) structure, vertical Nash (VN) structure, and foreign retailer Stackelberg (RS) structure. Furthermore, a game model is developed among the Chinese manufacturer, foreign retailer, and cross-border e-tailer to investigate the interactions among offline channel power structures, maritime transportation costs, and Chinese manufacturers’ online channel mode selection. The results show that Chinese manufacturers’ preferences for the online agency selling mode increases correspondingly with the decrease in their market position and bargaining power. Moreover, foreign retailers can obtain higher profits in the online agency selling mode under the VN structure. However, the level of profit for foreign retailers depends on the intensity of their competition with cross-border e-tailers under the MS and RS structures. Finally, consumers in countries along the Belt and Road can obtain a higher surplus in the online agency selling mode under all of the structures.     

AIP潜艇燃料电池供氢新技术--硼氢化钠水解制氢

氢源是目前移动式燃料电池技术研究和应用的瓶颈之一。本文介绍了AIP潜艇动力对燃料电池供氢技术的特殊要求和世界各国艇用氢源的研究进展,阐述了硼氢化钠水解制氢技术的工作原理和在潜艇环境下应用该供氢技术的优点,并在深入调研该技术的研究进展基础上,提出了将该制氢技术应用于我国AIP潜艇的设想。     

柴油闪急沸腾喷雾的试验研究

通过对柴油机高压油管进行外加热源加热热，在Ｅ１５０柴油机上实现柴油的闪急沸腾喷雾，并对柴油机的性能及排放进行了试验研究。结果表明，采用闪急沸腾喷雾，柴油机油耗可降低８ｇ／ｋＷ．Ｈ，烟度下降０．４ＢＳＵ，ＮＯＸ排放略有升高，ＣＯ，ＨＣ排放均降低。     

用数据流分析电控发动机故障

主要阐述用解码器或检测仪读取电控发动机数据流的方法,并具体举出实例以验证该种方法的优点。     

Sm0.8Ca0.2AlO3-δ固体电解质的合成及其导电性能

为了改善SmAl O3体系的导电性能,提高其离子电导率,在固相反应条件下,用Ca对SmAl O3中的A位进行了部分替代,成功合成了具有四方钙钛矿结构的固体电解质Sm0.8Ca0.2Al O3-δ。以该材料作为电解质隔膜,Pt作电极组成了氢-空气燃料电池,并测定了该燃料电池在800℃~1000℃范围内的电动势。氧离子迁移数通过实测电动势与利用Nernst方程导出的理论电动势的比值来确定,在测量温度范围内氧离子迁移数都大于0.96,样品以离子导电为主。阻抗谱测量结果表明:Ca的掺杂大大提高了样品的电导率,Sm0.8Ca0.2Al O3-δ在800℃时电导率为0.035 S/cm,与钇稳定的二氧化锆(YSZ)的电导率相当。Ca掺杂的SmAl O3是一种性能较为优良的固体电解质。     

降低汽车塑料油箱噪声的结构方案

本论文针对如何降低塑料燃油箱噪声,主要在油箱内增加防浪板入手,降低油箱内燃油晃动的能量,以致降低产生的噪声,提高了汽车驾乘人员的舒适度。     

混合动力有轨电车列车控制和管理系统软件测试平台设计

针对燃料电池和超级电容混合动力有轨电车的列车控制和管理系统(TCMS)软件测试需求,运用Control Build仿真软件搭建了适用于燃料电池和超级电容混合动力列车的TCMS软件测试平台。该平台在具有列车电路和常用子系统仿真功能上,采用拟合方法搭建了燃料电池模型、超级电容模型、动力电池模型和列车能量流动模型,为TCMS软件进行混合动力能量管理和整车能量管理提供测试环境,提高了燃料电池超级电容有轨电车TCMS软件测试的范围和效率。     

不同类型氢燃料电池汽车全生命周期经济性分析及预测研究

氢燃料电池汽车被认为是 21世纪具有潜力的新能源清洁动力汽车之一,影响其推广应用的最重要因素是高成本,开展全生命周期经济性分析至关重要。目前国内外学者对氢燃料电池汽车的生命周期成本评价研究主要集中于零部件成本、燃料价格等因素,而考虑国家及地方补贴政策、运维和报废成本以及不同运营里程、不同车型下经济性分析的较少。从用户的角度,通过对购置成本、运营成本、维护成本、回收残值、补能和抗寒影响以及国家和地方补贴等多种因素进行综合分析,建立全生命周期成本模型,针对乘用车、客车和卡车等不同车型,分场景开展经济性成本评价,将其与传统燃油汽车和纯电动汽车的经济性进行对比分析。面向未来,作出经济性预测,并提出一系列对策建议。